Condenser.



L. BLOCK.

CONDENSER.

APPLKCATION FILED MAYZO.19YS

Patented July 1?. HHS.

am; SHEETS SHEE] F mmvi f I/VVENTOR x M ATTORNEY WI TNESS L BLOCK.

CONDENSER APPLICATION min MAY 20. ms.

1 g; 1 Patented July 2, 1918.

2 SHEETS -SHEET 2.

WITNESS l/Vl E TOR .4 TTORNEY LOUIS BLOCK, 0F MAMARONECK, NEW YORK. P

CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1918.

Application filed May 20, 1915. Ferlal No. 28,278.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS BLOCK, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the town of Mamaroneck, county of Westchester, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Condensers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that type of condensers employed for reducing to a liquid forn ammonia gas which 'is employed as a coiling agent.

he operation of the condensers of this type is generally well understood by those versed in the art and yet I will briefly outline this operation so that the importance of my invention may be most readily appreciated.

The gaseous ammonia is received in the condenser at a high temperature and under a pressure of probably about 12 atmospheres, it is cooled and condensed and the resultant liquid is cooled so that it may be employed as a means for removing heat from other bodies or masses the temperature of which it is desired to reduce.

The object of my invention is. to effect a more rapid condensation of ammonia or other gases than 'has been accomplished heretofore and to effect this condensation with less cooling and condensing surface; I therefore use the principle known as counter current heat exchanging in my apparatus and although the advantages derived there from are numerous and important they do not comprise all of the advantages to be found in my invention. My apparatus attains a counter current heat exchanging and the advantages to be derived therefrom by virtue of its construe tion and operation and particularly by virtue of the fact that the hot gas enters at or near the bottom of the condenser giving up or imparting its super-heat to the cooling water which is about to leave, the condenser.

The condenser of my construction consists of a series of what is commonly called zigzag or trombone coils of pipes in vertical alinement, and as the gas passes upward through the several pipes of the coil it is met by water flowing downward over the outer surfaces of the pipes. In the drawings I have for convenience shown only one coil as the number of coils employed will be controlled by the desired size of the condenser; 1 may, however, refer to my oondensenas though comprised of 'a plurality of coils.

e water is showered over the coil, the coldest water first upon the uppermost pipe of the coil, then on the second and so on down u on the exterior of each successive pipe. 6n its downward passage it will become more and more warmed, it is evident therefore that the superheat of the gas is delivered to the warmest cooling water, wate1 which may be too warm for effective condensing and yet which has not had its tem perature raised to a point too high to allow Iill: to become effective in removing the supereat.

I provide means for introducing with the hot gas, certain portions of the previously liquefied gas, and I provide means whereby the entering liquid and the hot gas may be thoroughly mixed. I have found that the presence of liquid ammonia in the condenser and the introduction thereof at or near the point of entrance of the hot gas, adds materially to the efliciency of the condenser.

A further improvement of importance s the means that I have provided for assuring that the gas shall enter the condenser at a velocity sufiiciently high to obtain the best results, this means is a nozzle which will be later described and which I arrange in the entrance passage, the nozzle may be considered an injector nozzle as by it, and through it I inject the gas into "the condenser at a velocity sufliciently high to carry it upward in the condenser, and to carry the produced liquid beyond the point where condensation is completed.

These 'iniecting nozzles are well adapted to accomplish another purpose of no little i portance. Where in large condensers a p urality of units such as the one here shown are employed, the nozzles, or the relative opening therethrough may be proportioned that each unit will obtain a proper proportional quantity of hot gas, this use of the nozzles assures a uniform operation of all of the units of the condenser and obviates the necessity for providing regulating valves for controlling the volume of gas entering each unit, while valves, the position of which may be inadvertently or accidentally changed resulting in a mail-adjustment, may

cause an uneven distribution and a loss in operative eflieiency.

I may arrange a nozzle in each t the entrance passages to the condenser, that is in,

each passage through'whirh gas is admitted and in each passage through whirl: liquid is admitted.

Uthe' advanlngg'os of my i-mn-ztiwslion are contained in the a r lfilllgvhwiil} which pm vides for the delivery of Um gas from a high point into the bottom of the condensm' forming a trap which prevents the hai-hniui'il movement of the liquefied m'nmoniu through. the introduction passage. 1 also piw'nie a trap in the liquid. discharge passage which prevents the discharge from the condenser of any nneondensed gas.

The construction which nmlzes these advantages possible as Well as the operation of my device Will be fully set forth as the specifieation progresses.

The following is What I consider the bestmeans of carrying out this imentiom The aeeompanyinp drawings form a pert of this specification, in which:

Figure 1 show a siilv elevation of a son denser consisting oil a. single unit or series of vert'irally nrrzmgml pipes eonnevted at their ends oy return bends.

Fig. 2 shows certain parkremoved. This figure is on a larger scale and a portion is in section, to Clisrlosr the arming-enienl of the nozzles.

Similar reference characters imiieate like parts in all of the figures win-re they appear.

The eomienser proper consists of a swies of approximately jmrallel and praetieally horizontal. pipes one above the other and of about equal lengths. The ends of the pipe are oom'xeoted by return bends. and in 511ml! a manner that the entire series of pip-s and return bends prodewra eon'l'inmms roll. 5 have arranged. my (toil vertical. that is one pipe above another and the emidenser shows will be found to consist of twenty pipes. the

number of pipes used, however, in my new denser will be determined by the work in be done by the condensen and i do not -therefore desire to be limited. in the mine her, size or length of the pipes employed.

' It will be noted that the iowermost pipe A is connected to a vertical gjiipe Eit'whi. is in turn connected. to a (llFAl-Illjllifim; header B.

Hot gas from a compressor not. shown is for zed upward in the direrlion of the ar rows through the pipe 15". and p: inn through the cheek valve {ll enters the trihuting header B thence it; passes ihz-ougigh the valve B through the pipe B iniio the pipe A. the lowermost. pipe of the condenser. The hot gas passes upward through the several approximately horizontal pipes of the eondenser and as a liberal. q:....ntity of cool water is showered over the sondenser, by means of the delivery pipe le ind distributing pipe or trough N, the hot gas in the condenser Will be first cooled minimised. the ii $11 alibi-l. is the delivery of the own-innit lo in: \Ymmw i. enter, this imiil w airs in {in ii 'V'i lowermost, wt Elm uni i n em in Ellen i121" wwwonsmwn will probably mm, all: pipe iinfntzileil all;

X. it is lll'lYli-lilbif in some UL 'iAIlC/QS to inn-mince :ulditiona onnmiwu-e at l ipnmi if es f gas, and Il ilfijfiOixlpllfili lhis by pmvnling a rolurn h-t-znil. as llill i iml :15. 30", liming an inlet warning; in \ihiuh a nipph; ll and valve B are eonneeled, which members are in turn. and h means; of a. T1 (animated to the pipe l5 these parts (-onsrituting a. li 'aneh pipe for admitting 1Ul illlw=2ll gas to he coil The liqueii l anal ihrho incoming gas intiilniiiely ining v within the eonilensm' forming therein an a; ated niixwre of gas ami liquid Lids. miiinnes upward until the eoolinp lllilliiuw upon the exierior of the pipes roinlr-in-wa a iii" ilze I prefer that this mnnpieiw 7' iensr li'ion should he finished at a ioiiii iwav! alien; {he upperpipe a He winimser so that tin inn? is viimlenvaer may he wig, and rmlwml to a. lower ox-mpmalure Hem would be possible pip he liquid to he iliselmrged rapidlf. as is formed. "3121s it '1 suggests one of y l) and i l f pip I ind [hen downward through U' to the remh Eng chamber or lfllili l3.

l2 a. siphws hrs. top of the H E, and insurw. ilow through the All the lower :ini of l errnnged a T, and. hll i I 1 ii provided with a w. D pipe D for minutes in a iH'illG it'ion with :1 horizontal pipe elm-ring: :z. hvmhr D. whirl in turn ewmnwrwi by shoii lenglh of i) and vain. l Willi il'zr hirxorn st L 1 A of the roadvnser. The SOHEKililOU of he pipe I), with the pipe A may be by means of a special fitting which is in eli'ect a T flanged at. one end, such a fitting as indicated at A.

Within the fitting A, and secured adjacent to the flanged end thereof, I arrange an injector nozzle as indicated at A, this nozzle has a double function as here arranged, first, it increases the velocity of time entering gas by reason of ie uentraeted port with 1h compels ihe header nqmd (a minim Lli' ll Jeril have dbl ofpassa It will be noted that the connection or the entrance of the li uid is in front of the nozzle A and that t 9 gas in jected by the nozzle A must pass over the end of the pi ,e through which the liquid is admitted, t e action of the gas passing over the liquid entrance ipe provides the second function of. the. nozzle, it operates similar to the well known injector, drawin the liquid through the pipe D. by reason 0% the velocity of the gas, breaking u the liquid nto spray or small globules, an thus thoroughly mixing it with the gas in the pipes, and by acting. as an injector the nozzle A" and fitting A" accelerates the-movement ofthe liquid entering the condenser.

7 Throughout the entire operation of. the:-

condensing portion of my condenser I ob-' tain an intimate mixture of gas and l' aid, this mixture is promoted and encourage by the injector which really consists 'of all of I within the fitting A" andpthe connectlons thereto, and from the construction it will be seen that I arrange a nozale ith- {in the fitting A" adjacent to the odd 0 the Q from the, equalizing header and from all arts of the condenser such noncon- Pip i I desire to call attention, however to the fact that I do not extend the end of e pi 1) into the fitting A for a distance SUE cient to retard the passage ofgas through the nozzlejfi? as from my ex riments I have found that the velocity of e gas pass-- ing through the nozzle is sufiiciently high to produce an eflective suction within the fitting A, a suction that will at all times found suilicient to induce the flow of proper tpliantities of liquid into'the fitting A and t ence into the condensen; i -The pipe D connects with a horizontal pipe, one end of which terminates in eheader D and the other end ofwhich' is connected to the larger liqpid delivery pipe D, which is connected t rough the. valve D".with the reoeivingtank P. A valve D is arranged in the horizontal pi the i es D and D so that un on normal, con itions none of the liquid which passes downward through the pipe D may enter the pipe D", when, however, it is fdund desirable to drain the condenser I "close the large valve B, which controls a passage of hot gas into the condenser and also close the valves l) and D then by :Ipening the valve D the liquid contained'in econdenser will flow through the valve D, header D and valve D to the receiver P. p a

I have arranged-an eflualizing header E which connects with a of the units b means of a pipe E and valve E and whi is in turn connected by-a pipe E, with the li uid delivery ipe' and V vs h with to liquid receiven, During the entire operation .of my condenser I have found it quite desirable that the through the equalizing pipes and header )between yaplpehand open at alltimes stood thatwhen the condenser is drained the equalizing header will maintain a ressure in the drained condenser equal to t e pressure in the other condensers and the receiver P. Should it be desirable to remove a section of'a denser which hasbeendrained, it will be necessary to pump out the con denser or unit, a portion of which is to. be removed, for the purpose of repair or other purpose, To accomplish this I have provided the pipe h, which is connected to. the pipe in and with the suction side of the compressor, I then close the valves E and it and valves E on all the units not to be gimped out, and I close valves B, D? and on the units to be pumped out; 'afew strokes of the compressor -w1ll then'exhaust the section to be removed, it being appreciatedythat the suction need not be continued sufliciently to reduce the pressure below atmospheric.

The drum G connected to theequalizing header E servesas a means for collecting other de' e gasesas may be present in the, condenser, and-which naturally would rise to .tbeto a high int to the bottom of the condenser 'revent ng a back flow ofliquid, a construcon important in this articular type of condenser wherein. it is t e intention to ret-jain liquid for the purpose of assisting in promoting condensat on.

Thein ecting nozzle for the hot gas,and the ejector formed bythe fitting A which not only provides means for securing a desirable rapidity of-r'novement of the gas but also inducts liquid from the liquid supply pipe and promotes and produces .anefiicient andintimate. co-min ling of the gas and li'uid with-resultant increased ,efiiciency.

v e means, for inje'ctin additional quantities of hot gas under igh pressure into the condenser at a pointabove the lowest i 2 p ll lie trap which prevents the accidental fora ard flow of liquid and insures a regular and steady discharge ofliqu'efied gas and .the siphon breaker which prevents a possible em tying of thecondenser of li uid as I it qgite necessary and excee gly desirable at liquid be retained in the condenser at all times, this trap also prevents the discharge of uncondensed gas.

The means for returning to the s inlet passage a portion ofthe condense gas in the form of (scaled liquid, there to be mingled with the incoming gas for reasons described.-

it will however be under-1 the units when desired, andalthough' it is not In intention to forfeit my rights to any 0 the parts of this invention to which I may be entitled, I deem the features above enumerated as worthy of special mention.

Modification may be made .within the scope of the appended claims withoutv departing from the principle or saririficing the I advantages of this invention.

I may arrange an 1n ect1ng'nozzle between the valve B' and the ni ple B. J

Having carefully and fully described my invention what I claim and desire to mure by Letters Patent is 1. The combination in a condenser of a coil; a main gas inlet pipe cominunicatin therewith, a connection to a source of liqui for delivering the same into the gas in the coil to form a mixture therewith; a means for injecting gas connected to a source of gas and to said coil; and a condenser liquid discharge pipe leading from said coil.

2. A condenser com rising a coil; a gas inlet pipe and a liqui inlet pipe communicating therewith; an agitating nozzle arranged with its delivery passage in ositionto direct gas into the coil at an ang e to the 1 liquid inlet, and a condensed liquid discharge pipe for the said coil.

3. Thecombination in a condenser of a coil; a gas conve'yin pipe communicating with the inlet thereo a pipe connected to a source of liquid for delivering the same into the gas in the coil to form a mixture therewith; a gas-injecting nozzle arranged at the inlet of said coil; and a condensed liquid discharge pipe leading from said coil.

4. A condenser comprising a coil; a main gas inlet pipe communicating therewith; a condensed liquid discharge pipe leadin from the top of said coil; means connecte to a source of liquid for delivering the same into the gas to form a mixture therewith;

a pipe connected to a source of gas for injecting additional gas into the coil between the top and bottom thereof, in the direction of the ascending convolutiom 5. The combination in a condenser of a coil; :1. main gas inlet pipecommunicating therewith; pipe connected to a. source of liquid for delivering tlw same into the gas in the coil to form a "nature therewith; a

gas-injecting nozzle connected to a source of s and to said coil; and a condensed liquid ischarge pipe leading from said coil.

6. A condenser comprising a coil; a main gas inlet pipe communicating therewith; a.

condensed liquid discharge pipe leading from said ooil; a pipe connectedto a source of liquid for delivering the same into the gas. to form a mixture therewith; a ipe connected to a source of gasfor injecting additional gas into the coil; a pipe connecting the liquid discharge pipe with the first pipe.

A condenser comprising a coil; a main gas inlet leading into the coil adjacent its bottom; a condensed liquid discharge pipe leading from the coil; a pipe connected to a source of liquid for delivering the same into the gas in the coil to form a mixture therewith; and a pipe connected to a source of gas for injecting additional as into the coil in the direction of an ascen ing convolution thereof.

8. A condenser comprising a plurality of coils; amain gas pipe oonnecte to each of the coils; a pipe for eachcoil for delivering liquid into the gas'therein; branch, pipes connected to the main gas ipes and to each coil between the inlet an voutlet thereof, and a final liquid discharge pipe connected to each coil.

Signed at New York city, in the county and State of New York this 14th day of May, 1915.

r v LOUI$ BLOCK.

Witnesses:

G. E. S. Mum, ARTHUR Pnrmrs Mann. 

